diff --git a/machines/machine.lua b/machines/machine.lua
index 1125db0..410dfe4 100644
--- a/machines/machine.lua
+++ b/machines/machine.lua
@@ -128,27 +128,37 @@ function industrialtest.Machine.onMetadataInventoryMove(self,pos,fromList,fromIn
 	if toList=="upgrades" then
 		local meta=minetest.get_meta(pos)
 		local inv=meta:get_inventory()
-		local stack=inv:get_stack(fromList,fromIndex)
-		industrialtest.internal.applyUpgrade(pos,meta,stack)
+		local itemstack=inv:get_stack(fromList,fromIndex)
+		local def=itemstack:get_definition()
+		if def and def._industrialtest_self and def._industrialtest_self.apply then
+			def._industrialtest_self:apply(pos)
+		end
 	elseif fromList=="upgrades" then
 		local meta=minetest.get_meta(pos)
 		local inv=meta:get_inventory()
-		local stack=inv:get_stack(fromList,fromIndex)
-		industrialtest.internal.removeUpgrade(pos,meta,stack)
+		local itemstack=inv:get_stack(fromList,fromIndex)
+		local def=itemstack:get_definition()
+		if def and def._industrialtest_self and def._industrialtest_self.remove then
+			def._industrialtest_self:remove(pos)
+		end
 	end
 end
 
 function industrialtest.Machine.onMetadataInventoryPut(self,pos,listname,index,stack)
 	if listname=="upgrades" then
-		local meta=minetest.get_meta(pos)
-		industrialtest.internal.applyUpgrade(pos,meta,stack)
+		local def=stack:get_definition()
+		if def and def._industrialtest_self and def._industrialtest_self.apply then
+			def._industrialtest_self:apply(pos)
+		end
 	end
 end
 
 function industrialtest.Machine.onMetadataInventoryTake(self,pos,listname,index,stack)
 	if listname=="upgrades" then
-		local meta=minetest.get_meta(pos)
-		industrialtest.internal.removeUpgrade(pos,meta,stack)
+		local def=stack:get_definition()
+		if def and def._industrialtest_self and def._industrialtest_self.remove then
+			def._industrialtest_self:remove(pos)
+		end
 	end
 end
 
@@ -289,8 +299,8 @@ function industrialtest.Machine.register(self)
 	industrialtest.api.addTag(self.name,"usesTimer")
 end
 
-function industrialtest.Machine.allowMoveToUpgradeSlot(pos,toIndex,stack)
-	local def=minetest.registered_items[stack:get_name()]
+function industrialtest.Machine.allowMoveToUpgradeSlot(pos,toIndex,itemstack)
+	local def=itemstack:get_definition()
 	if not def or not def.groups or not def.groups._industrialtest_machineUpgrade then
 		return 0
 	end
@@ -300,5 +310,5 @@ function industrialtest.Machine.allowMoveToUpgradeSlot(pos,toIndex,stack)
 	if not targetSlot:is_empty() then
 		return 0
 	end
-	return stack:get_count()
+	return itemstack:get_count()
 end
diff --git a/machines/simple_electric_item_processor.lua b/machines/simple_electric_item_processor.lua
index f157418..4c13bbb 100644
--- a/machines/simple_electric_item_processor.lua
+++ b/machines/simple_electric_item_processor.lua
@@ -107,8 +107,8 @@ function industrialtest.SimpleElectricItemProcessor.onMetadataInventoryMove(self
 	end
 end
 
-function industrialtest.SimpleElectricItemProcessor.onMetadataInventoryPut(self,pos)
-	industrialtest.ActivatedElectricMachine.onMetadataInventoryPut(self,pos)
+function industrialtest.SimpleElectricItemProcessor.onMetadataInventoryPut(self,pos,listname,index,stack)
+	industrialtest.ActivatedElectricMachine.onMetadataInventoryPut(self,pos,listname,index,stack)
 	self:triggerIfNeeded(pos)
 end
 
diff --git a/upgrades.lua b/upgrades.lua
index ad82072..5ddf404 100644
--- a/upgrades.lua
+++ b/upgrades.lua
@@ -16,106 +16,56 @@
 
 local S=minetest.get_translator("industrialtest")
 
-industrialtest.internal.applyUpgrade=function(pos,meta,stack)
-	local def=minetest.registered_items[stack:get_name()]
-	if def.groups._industrialtest_upgradeSpeed then
-		local speed=industrialtest.api.getMachineSpeed(meta)
-		meta:set_int("industrialtest.speed",math.min(4,speed+def.groups._industrialtest_upgradeSpeed))
-	elseif def.groups._industrialtest_upgradeTransformer then
-		local flows={
-			industrialtest.api.lvPowerFlow,
-			industrialtest.api.mvPowerFlow,
-			industrialtest.api.hvPowerFlow,
-			industrialtest.api.evPowerFlow,
-			industrialtest.api.ivPowerFlow
-		}
-		local machineFlow=meta:get_int("industrialtest.powerFlow")
-		local upgradedFlow=machineFlow
-		for _,flow in ipairs(flows) do
-			if flow>machineFlow then
-				upgradedFlow=flow
-				break
-			end
-		end
-		meta:set_int("industrialtest.powerFlow",upgradedFlow)
-		local networks=industrialtest.api.isAttachedToNetwork(meta)
-		if networks then
-			for _,network in ipairs(networks) do
-				industrialtest.api.createNetworkMapForNode(network)
-			end
-		end
-	elseif def.groups._industrialtest_upgradePowerStorage then
-		meta:set_int("industrialtest.powerCapacity",meta:get_int("industrialtest.powerCapacity")+10000)
-		local nodeDef=minetest.registered_nodes[minetest.get_node(pos).name]
-		if nodeDef._industrialtest_updateFormspec then
-			nodeDef._industrialtest_updateFormspec(pos)
-		end
-		local networks=industrialtest.api.isAttachedToNetwork(meta)
-		if networks then
-			for _,network in ipairs(networks) do
-				minetest.get_node_timer(network):start(industrialtest.updateDelay)
-			end
-		end
-	end
-end
+industrialtest.Upgrade={}
 
-industrialtest.internal.removeUpgrade=function(pos,meta,stack)
-	local def=minetest.registered_items[stack:get_name()]
-	if def.groups._industrialtest_upgradeSpeed and meta:contains("industrialtest.speed") then
-		local speed=meta:get_int("industrialtest.speed")
-		meta:set_int("industrialtest.speed",math.max(1,speed-def.groups._industrialtest_upgradeSpeed))
-	elseif def.groups._industrialtest_upgradeTransformer then
-		local flows={
-			industrialtest.api.lvPowerFlow,
-			industrialtest.api.mvPowerFlow,
-			industrialtest.api.hvPowerFlow,
-			industrialtest.api.evPowerFlow,
-			industrialtest.api.ivPowerFlow
-		}
-		local machineFlow=meta:get_int("industrialtest.powerFlow")
-		local downgradedFlow=machineFlow
-		for i=#flows,1,-1 do
-			local flow=flows[i]
-			if flow<machineFlow then
-				downgradedFlow=flow
-				break
-			end
-		end
-		meta:set_int("industrialtest.powerFlow",downgradedFlow)
-		local networks=industrialtest.api.isAttachedToNetwork(meta)
-		if networks then
-			for _,network in ipairs(networks) do
-				minetest.get_node_timer(network):start(industrialtest.updateDelay)
-			end
-		end
-	elseif def.groups._industrialtest_upgradePowerStorage then
-		meta:set_int("industrialtest.powerCapacity",meta:get_int("industrialtest.powerCapacity")-10000)
-		meta:set_int("industrialtest.powerAmount",math.min(meta:get_int("industrialtest.powerAmount"),meta:get_int("industrialtest.powerCapacity")))
-		local nodeDef=minetest.registered_nodes[minetest.get_node(pos).name]
-		if nodeDef._industrialtest_updateFormspec then
-			nodeDef._industrialtest_updateFormspec(pos)
-		end
-	end
-end
-
-local function registerMachineUpgrade(config)
-	minetest.register_craftitem("industrialtest:"..config.name,{
-		description=config.displayName,
-		inventory_image="industrialtest_"..config.name..".png",
+function industrialtest.Upgrade.createDefinitionTable(self)
+	local def={
+		description=self.description,
+		inventory_image=self.inventoryImage,
 		groups={
-			_industrialtest_machineUpgrade=1,
-			_industrialtest_upgradeSpeed=config.speed or nil,
-			_industrialtest_upgradeTransformer=config.transformer or nil,
-			_industrialtest_upgradePowerStorage=config.powerStorage or nil,
-		}
-	})
+			_industrialtest_machineUpgrade=1
+		},
+		_industrialtest_self=self
+	}
+
+	return def
 end
 
-registerMachineUpgrade({
-	name="overclocker_upgrade",
-	displayName=S("Overclocker Upgrade"),
-	speed=1
+function industrialtest.Upgrade.register(self)
+	local def=self:createDefinitionTable()
+	minetest.register_craftitem(self.name,def)
+end
+
+function industrialtest.Upgrade.apply(self,pos)
+	-- dummy function
+end
+
+function industrialtest.Upgrade.remove(self,pos)
+	-- dummy function
+end
+
+industrialtest.OverclockerUpgrade=table.copy(industrialtest.Upgrade)
+industrialtest.internal.unpackTableInto(industrialtest.OverclockerUpgrade,{
+	name="industrialtest:overclocker_upgrade",
+	description=S("Overclocker Upgrade"),
+	inventoryImage="industrialtest_overclocker_upgrade.png",
+	_speed=1
 })
+
+function industrialtest.OverclockerUpgrade.apply(self,pos)
+	local meta=minetest.get_meta(pos)
+	local speed=industrialtest.api.getMachineSpeed(meta)
+	meta:set_int("industrialtest.speed",math.min(4,speed+self._speed))
+end
+
+function industrialtest.OverclockerUpgrade.remove(self,pos)
+	local meta=minetest.get_meta(pos)
+	local speed=industrialtest.api.getMachineSpeed(meta)
+	meta:set_int("industrialtest.speed",math.max(1,speed-self._speed))
+end
+
+industrialtest.OverclockerUpgrade:register()
+
 minetest.register_craft({
 	type="shaped",
 	output="industrialtest:overclocker_upgrade",
@@ -125,11 +75,68 @@ minetest.register_craft({
 	}
 })
 
-registerMachineUpgrade({
-	name="transformer_upgrade",
-	displayName=S("Transformer Upgrade"),
-	transformer=1
+industrialtest.TransformerUpgrade=table.copy(industrialtest.Upgrade)
+industrialtest.internal.unpackTableInto(industrialtest.TransformerUpgrade,{
+	name="industrialtest:transformer_upgrade",
+	description=S("Transformer Upgrade"),
+	inventoryImage="industrialtest_transformer_upgrade.png"
 })
+
+function industrialtest.TransformerUpgrade.apply(self,pos)
+	local meta=minetest.get_meta(pos)
+	local flows={
+		industrialtest.api.lvPowerFlow,
+		industrialtest.api.mvPowerFlow,
+		industrialtest.api.hvPowerFlow,
+		industrialtest.api.evPowerFlow,
+		industrialtest.api.ivPowerFlow
+	}
+	local machineFlow=meta:get_int("industrialtest.powerFlow")
+	local upgradedFlow=machineFlow
+	for _,flow in ipairs(flows) do
+		if flow>machineFlow then
+			upgradedFlow=flow
+			break
+		end
+	end
+	meta:set_int("industrialtest.powerFlow",upgradedFlow)
+	local networks=industrialtest.api.isAttachedToNetwork(meta)
+	if networks then
+		for _,network in ipairs(networks) do
+			industrialtest.api.createNetworkMapForNode(network)
+		end
+	end
+end
+
+function industrialtest.TransformerUpgrade.remove(self,pos)
+	local meta=minetest.get_meta(pos)
+	local flows={
+		industrialtest.api.lvPowerFlow,
+		industrialtest.api.mvPowerFlow,
+		industrialtest.api.hvPowerFlow,
+		industrialtest.api.evPowerFlow,
+		industrialtest.api.ivPowerFlow
+	}
+	local machineFlow=meta:get_int("industrialtest.powerFlow")
+	local downgradedFlow=machineFlow
+	for i=#flows,1,-1 do
+		local flow=flows[i]
+		if flow<machineFlow then
+			downgradedFlow=flow
+			break
+		end
+	end
+	meta:set_int("industrialtest.powerFlow",downgradedFlow)
+	local networks=industrialtest.api.isAttachedToNetwork(meta)
+	if networks then
+		for _,network in ipairs(networks) do
+			industrialtest.api.createNetworkMapForNode(network)
+		end
+	end
+end
+
+industrialtest.TransformerUpgrade:register()
+
 minetest.register_craft({
 	type="shaped",
 	output="industrialtest:transformer_upgrade",
@@ -140,11 +147,40 @@ minetest.register_craft({
 	}
 })
 
-registerMachineUpgrade({
-	name="power_storage_upgrade",
-	displayName=S("Power Storage Upgrade"),
-	powerStorage=1
+industrialtest.PowerStorageUpgrade=table.copy(industrialtest.Upgrade)
+industrialtest.internal.unpackTableInto(industrialtest.PowerStorageUpgrade,{
+	name="industrialtest:power_storage_upgrade",
+	description=S("Power Storage Upgrade"),
+	inventoryImage="industrialtest_power_storage_upgrade.png",
+	_storage=10000
 })
+
+function industrialtest.PowerStorageUpgrade.apply(self,pos)
+	local meta=minetest.get_meta(pos)
+	meta:set_int("industrialtest.powerCapacity",meta:get_int("industrialtest.powerCapacity")+self._storage)
+	local node=minetest.get_node(pos)
+	local def=minetest.registered_nodes[node.name]
+	if def._industrialtest_self then
+		def._industrialtest_self:updateFormspec(pos)
+		if def._industrialtest_self.requestPower then
+			def._industrialtest_self:requestPower(pos)
+		end
+	end
+end
+
+function industrialtest.PowerStorageUpgrade.remove(self,pos)
+	local meta=minetest.get_meta(pos)
+	meta:set_int("industrialtest.powerCapacity",meta:get_int("industrialtest.powerCapacity")-self._storage)
+	meta:set_int("industrialtest.powerAmount",math.min(meta:get_int("industrialtest.powerAmount"),meta:get_int("industrialtest.powerCapacity")))
+	local node=minetest.get_node(pos)
+	local def=minetest.registered_nodes[node.name]
+	if def._industrialtest_self then
+		def._industrialtest_self:updateFormspec(pos)
+	end
+end
+
+industrialtest.PowerStorageUpgrade:register()
+
 minetest.register_craft({
 	type="shaped",
 	output="industrialtest:power_storage_upgrade",